WHY DO WE AFRAID...?

Fear as described by Google is an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that something or some one is dangerous and its like cause harm.Most of the fears that we actually have are just contemplative thoughts that we are thinking too often it's fear, some fear is some big unknowable scary thing .Most of people  generally when they are young,being afraid of the dark as well as with some other fear,like of Ghosts,Monsters or other spooky,creepy and weird things.And as we get older we might not use that sort of explanation anymore,but these irrational fears still stick around us.

Researches say that there are way to fight those fears too,the way we usually fear is a well understood part of psychology.Most of the time its through classical conditioning.we have an automatic reactions,like imagine a person who's expert in bike riding but then suddenly it becomes an accident or think a person who's generally cool with his/her pet animal like dog..... but then,dog bites him/her and he/she has to go to the hospital that would make anybody frighten.Then in consequence, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditional stimulus , which gives us the same automatic reaction which I was already mentioned.In another words ,after that experience that person is more likely to be afraid when she/he sees a dog or that who got accident is more likely to be afraid when he/she again ride a bike.This type of things generally called PHOBIA,The PHOBIA is an extreme stage of fear there are many types.Here some examples :-

1. Musophobia : Fear of rats.
2. Cynophobia : Fear of dogs.
3. Arachnophobia / Ophidiophobia : Fear of spider and snakes.
4. Mysophobia :Fear of germs.
5. Trypanophobia : Fear of needles and injections.
6. Haemophobia : Fear of blood.
7. Acrophobia : Fear of height.
8. Astrophobia : Fear of thunder or lighting.
9. Pteromerhanophobia : Fear of flying.
10. Dentophobia : Fear of dentists.
11. Glosophobia : Fear of social situations / public speaking (AKA Social Anxiety Disorder).
12. Thanatophobia /Necrophobia :Fear of death or dead things.
13. Coulrophobia / Pediophobia : Fear of clown or joker / dolls.
14. Agoraphobia / Claustrophobia : Fear of closed or open space.
15. HEXUKASIAI-HEXEKONTA-HEXAPHOBIA : Fear of repetition of number six.
16. Hippotomonstroesquipedaliophobia :Fear of long words. 
17. Gnosophobia : Fear of knowledge.
18. Emelophobia : Fear of vomit.
19. Carantophobia : Fear of cancer.
20. Gamophobia : Fear of wedding.

Researches has found that conditioned responses are probably linked with ''Amygdala'', that`s a brain part that active when we are afraid or have a lot of excitement & anger so conditioned fear kind of make sense they are based on something that happened to us.But these facts not enough for us because we wanna be smarter then other.So the question is why it's happen ? and what the science behind the fear.Let's find out....!

In animals, fear caused imbalance between excitement and sense of control.whereas,human have contextual brain if individual think's experience as ''too real'' an extreme fear response can overcome the sense of control over the situation.Here is a chain reaction in the brain that starts with a stressful stimulus and ends with release of chemicals that can cause a raising heart beat or blood pressure and fast breathing this type of motion stimulates several parts of our brain such as the Sensory Cortex, Thalamus, Hypothalamus , Amygdala and Hippocampus now the question is how it works in our brain ?.Well.......2B layer of the "Superior Colliculus" receives visual information from "Parasol Ganglion Cells" in the Retina through "Magnocellular Cells".Now further process occur in two parts or in other words it has two potential pathways which depends on the type of visual process or in another words it's depends on what are you see or experience .
 The first part called "Mental Low Road",in this part of process, First sensory information down to the amygdala .The Amygdala processes the memory and emotional reactions from the stimulus and attempts to protect us by continuing this process forwarding the data to Hypothalamus.The Hypothalamus activates the "FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT" response, or "FOF-action" for short. And the second part of this process called "Mental High Road", this is similar situation like mental low road but now in this part of reaction one more part of brain participates named Hippocampus .This almond shaped part tries to form some sort of context by asking question like ''What the mean of this or have I saw this type of thing or have I heard this sound or .....etc,'' it's depends on the situation .And when we have sure that we are safe and now in this situation nothing is dangerous or harmful.The hippocampus send a message to the Amygdala that there is no pitfall or threat, the Amygdala send message to Hypothalamus to turn off the FOF- action.